Carbon is a unique element which forms more compounds as compared to other elements. It is a non metal which has many other allotropic forms like carbon and graphite.The compounds of carbon are so important that the chemistry of carbon compounds form a separate branch of chemistry called organic chemistry.
Covalent bonds
The compounds containing ionic or electrovalent bonds are called electrovalent or ionic compounds.For ex- NaCl
but
the bonds formed by sharing of electrons are called covalent compounds.
Difference b/w ionic and covalent compounds
Covalent compounds consist of molecules while ionic compounds consist of ions
Covalent compounds are liquids or gases at room temp. but ionic compounds are solids
Covalent compounds form weak bonds but ionic compounds form strong compounds.
Covalent compounds low melting and boiling compounds but ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
Covalent compounds are generally insoluble in polar solvents and soluble in polar compounds and ionic compounds are vice versa.
Covalent compounds conduct electricity but ionic compounds do not.
Unique nature of carbon
-Catenation- the tendency to form bonds with atoms of the same element.
strong carbon-carbon atoms are formed
-Tetravalency- the valency of carbon is four so it can share electrons of four other elements or other carbons.
- Multiple bonds- carbon can form single,double or triple bonds
single bond means to share one electron
double bond means to share two electrons
triple bond means to share three electrons
HYDROCARBONS
The organic compounds which consist of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF HYDROCARBONS
-Saturated hydrocarbons- consisting of single bond.They are also called alkanes.
-Unsaturated hydrocarbons- consisting of double bonds called alkenes
or
triple bonds called alkynes.
source- holyfaith modern abc of chemistry(book)
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